posterior root การใช้

• Two distinct types of mechanosensitive ion channels have been found in the posterior root ganglion neurons.
• The posterior end is connected to the squamous part by two roots, the anterior and posterior roots.
• The first lower molar has four roots, including two small accessory roots located between larger anterior and posterior roots.
• In 1898 C . S . Sherrington described relief of muscle spasticity by posterior root section in de-cerebrate cats.
• The presence of these channels in the posterior root ganglion gives reason to believe that other sensory neurons may contain them as well.
• Pathological changes can be noticed as well in the posterior roots of the cord and, to lesser extent, in peripheral nerves.
• The posterior root, a prolongation of the upper border, is strongly marked; it runs backward above the external auditory meatus, and is continuous with the temporal line.
• It then crosses the posterior root of the zygomatic arch, enters the substance of the parotid gland, and unites with the internal maxillary vein to form the posterior facial vein.
• On nerve conduction studies, the pattern of diminished Compound muscle action potential and normal sensory nerve action potential may be seen given that the lesion is proximal to the Posterior root ganglion.
• It is very similar to " D . amazighi ", differing in being smaller ( 1.24 mm ), having a shorter posterior root and some differences in the cusps.
• Branches from the posterior spinal arteries form a free anastomosis around the posterior roots of the spinal nerves, and communicate, by means of very tortuous transverse branches, with the vessels of the opposite side.
• Between the posterior wall of the external acoustic meatus and the posterior root of the zygomatic process is the area called the suprameatal triangle ( Macewen ), or mastoid fossa, through which an instrument may be pushed into the tympanic antrum.
• His name is lent to the eponymous " comma tract of Schultze " ( interfascicular fasciculus ), a compact bundle of posterior root fibers situated near the border between the fasciculus gracilis ( tract of Goll ) and cuneate fasciculus ( tract of Burdach ) of the spinal cord.
• The transverse processes are of considerable size, their posterior roots are large and prominent, while the anterior are small and faintly marked; the upper surface of each has usually a shallow sulcus for the eighth spinal nerve, and its extremity seldom presents more than a trace of bifurcation.
• The 1913 use in Germany of the rhizotomy procedure by Otfrid Foerster, often wrongly credited as the father of rhizotomy, was therefore actually not the first such use, since Sherrington s studies were used as a basis for performing posterior root rhizotomy for the relief of spasticity in the lower limb muscles.
• Unlike the majority of neurons found in the central nervous system, an action potential in posterior root ganglion neuron may initiate in the " distal process " in the periphery, bypass the cell body, and continue to propagate along the " proximal process " until reaching the synaptic terminal in the posterior horn of spinal cord.
• Its inner end is closed, by the tympanic membrane which originates from the tympanic sulcus; the upper limit of its outer orifice is formed by the posterior root of the zygomatic process, immediately below which there is sometimes seen a small spine, the " suprameatal spine ", situated at the upper and posterior part of the orifice.
• Passing through the lateral funiculus of the medulla spinalis, they emerge on its surface and unite to form a single trunk, which ascends between the ligamentum denticulatum and the posterior roots of the spinal nerves; enters the skull through the foramen magnum, and is then directed to the jugular foramen, through which it passes, lying in the same sheath of dura mater as the vagus, but separated from it by a fold of the arachnoid.
• The function of the ganglion on the posterior root of each spinal nerve is published in the  Comptes Rendus ( xxxv . 524 ) .  The Microscopic Observations on the Perforation of the Capillaries by the Corpuscles of the Blood, and on the Origin of Mucus and Pus,  appeared in the  Philosophical Magazine for November 1846, while the  Microscopic Investigations on Hail were printed in the same journal for July and August 1846 and March 1847.
• After 17 years, the subject found that when lying supine and extending his hips, his lower extremities underwent step-like movements for as long as he remained lying down . " The movements ( i ) involved alternating flexion and extension of his hips, knees, and ankles; ( ii ) were smooth and rhythmic; ( iii ) were forceful enough that the subject soon became uncomfortable due to excessive muscle'tightness'and an elevated body temperature; and ( iv ) could not be stopped by voluntary effort . " After extensive study of the subject, the experimenters concluded that " these data represent the clearest evidence to date that such a [ CPG ] network does exist in man . " Four years later, in 1998, Dimitrijevic, et al . showed that the human lumbar pattern generating networks can be activated by drive to large-diameter sensory afferents of the posterior roots.